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Bacchus, M. K. (1966), 'Social Factors in Secondary School Selection in
Guyana'. Social and Economic Studies, 15(1), 40-52.
Bacchus, M. K. (1966), 'Manpower Requirements of Guyana's (1966-1972)
Development Programme'. New World Quarterly: Crop Over Issue, 39-48.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'The Ministerial System at Work'. Social and Economic
Studies, 16(1), 34-56.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'Some Factors Influencing the Views of Secondary Modern
School Teachers or their Pupils' Interests and Abilities'. Educational Research,
9(2), 147-150.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'The Development of Educational Planning in the West
Indies. Part 1'. Teacher Education, 7(3), 221-231.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'The Development of Educational Planning in the West
Indies'. Teacher Education, 8(1), 36-62.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'Problems and Possibilities in Educational Planning in
the West Indies'. Teacher Education, 8(1).
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'Relationship between Professional and Administrative
Officers in a Government Department During a Period of Administrative Change'.
Sociological Review, 15(2), 155-178.
Bacchus, M. K. (1967), 'Planning Education in Developing Countries. Quantitative
vs. Qualitative Considerations'. Social and Economic Studies, 16(4), 440-449.
Bacchus, M. K. (1968), 'A Quantitative Assessment of Levels of Education
Required in Guyana by 1975'. Social and Economic Studies, 17(2), 178-196.
Bacchus, M. K. (1969), 'Education, Social Change, and Cultural Pluralism'.
Socioogy of Education, 42(4), 368-385.
Bacchus, M. K. (1969), 'Patterns of Educational Expenditure in an Emergent
Nation'. Social and Economic Studies, 18(3), 282-301.
Bacchus, M. K. (1969), 'Towards a Policy in Teacher Education'. Teacher
Education in New Countries, Nov, 139-149.
Bacchus, M. K. (1969), 'Education and Decolonisation'. New World Quarterly,
5(1-2), 63-73.
Bacchus, M. K. (1969), 'Education, Social Change and Cultural Pluralism'.
Sociology of Education, 42(4), 368-85.
Bacchus, M. K. (1970), Education and Socio-cultural Integration in a 'Plural'
Society: McGill University. Centre for Developing-Area Studies.
Bacchus, M. K. (1971), 'Changing Attitudes to Educational Expenditure in Guyana
between 1945-1965'. Social and Economic Studies, 20(2), 164-175.
Bacchus, M. K. (1974), 'Primary School Curriculum in a Colonial Society'.
Journal of Curriculum Studies, 6(1), 15-29.
Bacchus, M. K. (1975), 'Secondary School Curriculum and Social Change in an
Emergent Nation'. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 7(2), 99-121.
Bacchus, M. K. (1975), 'Some Development and Problems in Teacher Education in
Third World Countries'. Caribbean Journal of Education, 2(1), 1-14.
Bacchus, M. K. (1976), 'Some Observations on Social Structure and Craft Training
in Economically Less Developed Countries'. Canadian and International Education,
5(8), 109-123.
Bacchus, M. K. (1978), 'Some Research Needs in Education and Development'.
Caribbean Journal of Education, 5(1-2), 3-15.
Bacchus, M. K. (1979), 'Education as a Social Control Mechanism'. Journal of
Educational Research, 25(3), 160-73.
Bacchus, M. K. (1979), 'Structural Transformation as a Pre-Requisite for the
Success of Non-Formal Education Programmes in Economically Less Developed
Countries'. Canadian and International Education, 8(2), 83-91.
Bacchus, M. K. (1980), Education for Development or Underdevelopment? : Guyana's
Educational System and its Implications for the Third World. Waterloo, Ont.,
Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1980), Human Resources Development at the Primary and Secondary
Levels.
Bacchus, M. K. (1981), 'Education for Development in Underdeveloped Countries'.
Comparative Education, 17(2), 215-27.
Bacchus, M. K. (1982), 'Elite vs. Mass Considerations in Education for
Development'. Canadian and International Education, 11(1), 80-86.
Bacchus, M. K. (1983), 'Integrating School and Community Learning'. Education
and Society, 1(1), 63-74.
Bacchus, M. K. (1983), 'International Cooperation in Education. The Brandt
Report and Its Implication for International Educational Cooperation'. Education
and Society, 1(2).
Bacchus, M. K. (1983), International Educational Co-operation within the
North-south Context: University of Alberta. Centre for international education
and development.
Bacchus, M. K. (1983), 'Towards a Development Strategy for Education and
Educational Research in Thrid World Countries'. International Journal of
Educational Development, 3(2).
Bacchus, M. K. (1984), Beyond the Numbers Game : a Review and Analysis of
Educational "Needs" at the Secondary Level in Papua New Guinea. Edmonton,
Alberta: University of Alberta Centre for International Education and
Development.
Bacchus, M. K. (1984), 'Planning Secondary Education in a Developing Country: a
Study of Papua New Guinea.' Compare, 14 (2), 189-203.
Bacchus, M. K. (1984), A Review and Analysis of Educational Needs at the
Secondary Level in Papua New Guinea. ERU Report No. 48. Waigani: University of
Papua New Guinea, Educational Research Unit.
Bacchus, M. K. (1985), Upper Secondary Education in Papua New Guinea: Report of
a Commission of Enquiry: Papua New Guinea: Ministry of Education.
Bacchus, M. K. (1986), The Myth and Reality of Curriculum Planning: Insights
from the Educational Development of the Carribean. London: Institute of
Education.
Bacchus, M. K. (1986), 'Towards a Strategy for Increasing Student Mobility
Between Less Developed Countries through Third Country Training'. International
Journal of Educational Development, 6(4).
Bacchus, M. K. (1987), Educational Policy and Development Strategy in the Third
World. Aldershot: Avebury.
Bacchus, M. K. (1987), 'The Provision of Post-Secondary Education in Small
Nation States'. In M. K. Bacchus and C. Brock (eds), The Challenge of Scale:
Educational Development in the Small States of the Commonwealth. London:
Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bacchus, M. K. (1987), 'The Political Context of Education in the Developing
Countries'. Canadian and International Education, 16(1), 39-54.
Bacchus, M. K. (1988), Education and Development : Sharing our Experiences : a
Review of the Past and a Challenge for the Future: ?University of London.
Institute of Education. Department of International and Comparative Education.
Bacchus, M. K. (1988), 'The Political Context of Vocationalisation of Education
in Developing Countries'. In J. Lauglo and K. Lillis (eds), Vocationalising
Education: An International Perspective: Pergamon Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1988), 'The Role of Denominational Bodies in the Development of
Education in the Commonwealth Caribbean'. In W. Tulasiewicz and C. Brock (eds),
Christianity and Educational Provision in International Perspective. London:
Routledge.
Bacchus, M. K. (1989), 'Educational Developments and Opportunities for Mobility
among East Indians in Guyanese Society in the Early 1970s.' Compare, 19(1),
21-33.
Bacchus, M. K. (1989), 'Education, Equity and Cultural Diversity in 'Plural'
Societies'. Directions, Journal of Educational Studies, 11(2), 12-32.
Bacchus, M. K. (1989), 'Educational Needs of Small Nation States with Speical
Reference to Education at the Post-Secondary Level'. Canadian and International
Education, 18(2), 5-17.
Bacchus, M. K. (1989), 'The Role of Education in Achieving Equity, Cultural
Diversity and National Unity in Multi-Ethnic Societies'. Education Research and
Perspectives, 16(1), 83-93.
Bacchus, M. K. (1990), ' Education and Society Among the Non-Whites in the West
Indies Prior to Emancipation'. History of Education, 19(2), 85-104.
Bacchus, M. K. (1990), 'Curriculum Development and Education in the Developing
Countries.' Educational Review,42(3) 287-301.
Bacchus, M. K. (1990), 'Decentralisation of Education Within the Context of
Small Nation States'. Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 4(2),
1-10.
Bacchus, M. K. (1990), ' Improving the Quality of Basic Education Through
Curriculum Development and Reform'. Education and Society, 8(2), 4-14.
Bacchus, M. K. (1990), The Utilization, Misuse, and Development of Human
Resources in the Early West Indian Colonies. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier
University Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1991), ' Education in the Pre-Emancipation Period (with special
reference to the Colonies which later became British Guiana)'. Transition, 18.
Bacchus, M. K. (1991), 'Equity and Cultural Diversity'. In W. Walker, R.
Farquhar and M. Hughes (eds), Advancing Education: School Leadership in Action:
Falmer Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1991), 'Human Resource Development in Post-Apartheid South
Africa', In J. Harker Human Resource Development for a Post-Apartheid South
Africa. Report of a Commonwealth Expert Group. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bacchus, M. K. (1991), Improving the Quality of Basic Education : Papers
commissioned for the 11th Conference of Commonwealth Education Ministers,
Barbados, 1990. Vol.1, Curriculum Reform. London: Education Programme:
Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bacchus, M. K. (1991), ' Socio-Cultural Integration Among Teachers in a
Multicultural Society'. In I. Alladin and M. K. Bacchus (eds), Multiculturalism
- An International Perspective. New York: Ginn and Co.
Bacchus, M. K. (1992), 'Education in the Third World: Present Realities and
Future Prospects'. In R. J. Burns and A. R. Welch (eds), Contemporary
Perspectives in Comparative Education: Garland Publishing Company.
Bacchus, M. K. (1992), 'Higher Education and Society in Guyana'. In B. R. Clark
and G. R. Neave (eds), The Encyclopedia of Higher Education (Vol 1). National
Systems of Higher Education. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1993), 'The Contribution of Asian Open Universities in
Moderating the Rising Cost of Higher Education'. Journal of Distance Education,
10(1-2), 48-58.
Bacchus, M. K. (1993), 'Some Problems and Challenges Faced in Decentralising
Education in Small States'. In K. Lillis (ed.), Policy, Planning and Management
in Small States. Paris: Unesco IIEP.
Bacchus, M. K. (1994), Education as and for Legitimacy: Developments in West
Indian Education between 1846 and 1895. Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier
University Press.
Bacchus, M. K. (1995), 'The Curriculum as Social Reproduction'. Education and
Society, 13(2), 47-62.
Bacchus, M. K. (1995), 'Improving the Quality of Basic Education through
Curriculum Development and Reform'. In J. Zajda, M. K. Bacchus and N. Kach (eds),
Excellence and Quality in Education. Albert Park, Australia: James Nicholas
Publishers.
Bacchus, M. K. (1996), 'Curriculum Development in a Colonial Society'. Education
and Society, 14(2), 21-40.
Bacchus, M. K. (1996), 'Education for Development and Social Justice in the
Third World'. In T. J. Scrase (ed.), Social Justice and Third World Education.
New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc.
Bacchus, M. K. (1996), 'The Role of Teacher Education in Contributing to
Qualitative Improvements in Basic Education in Developing Countries'. In B.
Brock-Utne and T. Nagel (eds), The Role of Aid in the Development of Education
for All. a conference report from the 1996 NASEDEC conference held at the
Agricultural University of Norway, June 15 - June 17, at Ås. Oslo: University of
Oslo, Institute for Educational Research.
Bacchus, M. K. (1996), 'The Role of Teacher Education in Development in South
Countries'. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 13(2), 77-86.
Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'The Administration and Management of Education in Fiji',
Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji: Pio
B. Tikoisuva, Govt Printer.
Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'Challenges Facing Fiji in its Efforts to Improve its
Educational Services', Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji
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Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'The Educational Challenges Facing Small Nation States in
the Increasingly Competitive Economy of the 21st Century', Learning Together:
Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji: Pio B. Tikoisuva, Govt
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Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'Education for Economic, Social and Political
Development: Education Developments in the British West Indian Colonies 1896 -
1945', Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Suva,
Fiji: Pio B. Tikoisuva, Govt Printer.
Bacchus, M. K. (2000), The Financing of Education in Fiji', Learning Together:
Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji: Pio B. Tikoisuva, Govt
Printer.
Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'The Quality of Education and Future Educational Needs of
Fiji', Learning Together: Directions for Education in the Fiji Islands. Suva,
Fiji: Pio B. Tikoisuva, Govt Printer.
Bacchus, M. K.(2000), 'A Review of the Social and Economic Features of Fiji's
Society as the affect Education', Learning Together: Directions for Education in
the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji: Pio B. Tikoisuva, Govt Printer.
Bacchus, M. K. (2000), 'Socio-Cultural Integration Among Teachers'. Transition,
29, 1-19.
Bacchus, M. K. and Brock, C. (eds) (1993), The Challenge of Scale : Educational
Eevelopment in the Small States of the Commonwealth. London: Commonwealth
Secretariat.
Bacchus, M. K. and Farah, I. (1999), 'Educating Girls in Pakistan: Tensions
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Cultures and Economics. New York: Falmer Press.
Bacchus, M. K. and Torres, C. (1988), 'Framework for a Comparative Study of
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Bacchus, M. K., Torres, C. and Pannu, R. (1993), 'Capital Accumulation,
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Perspectives on Education and Society, Volume 3. Education and Social Change.
Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press Inc.
Bacchus, M. K., Zajda, J. and Kach, N. (eds) (1995), Excellence and Quality in
Education. Albert Park, Australia: James Nicholas Publishers.
Batten, T. R. (1951), 'Community Development in the Colonies'. African Affairs,
50, 321-326.
Batten, T. R. (1952), 'Community as 'Common Feeling''. Community Development
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Batten, T. R. (1952), 'On Reconsidering Fundamental Education'. Fundamental and
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Batten, T. R. (1953), 'A Conference and Some Reflection'. Community Development
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Batten, T. R. (1953), 'Review of "African Education",'. Social Service
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Batten, T. R. (1953), 'Adult Education and Technological Change in
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Batten, T. R. (1953), 'The Status and Function of Teachers in Tribal
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Batten, T. R. (1954), Education for Social Adjustment to Technological Change.
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Batten, T. R. (1954), 'Review of "Small Towns of Natal"'. Social Service
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Batten, T. R. (1955), 'Education for Social Adjustment to Technological Change'.
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Batten, T. R. (1955), 'Review of "Perspectives in Mass Education and Community
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Batten, T. R. (1956), 'On Reconsidering Fundamental Education'. The Indian
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Batten, T. R. (1956), 'Some Criteria for the Evaluation of the Training of
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Batten, T. R. (1957), Communities and their Development : an Introductory Study
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Batten, T. R. (1959), School and Community in the Tropics. Oxford: OUP.
Batten, T. R. (1960), 'Youth Organisations and the Changing Needs of Youth'.
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Batten, T. R. (1962), Communities and their Development. (Third Impression.).
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Batten, T. R. (1962), Training for Community Development: A Critical Study of
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Batten, T. R. (1968), Communities and Their Development (sixth revised edition).
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Batten, T. R. (1969), Communities and Their Development: English Language Book
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Batten, T. R. and Batten, M. (1962), 'An Experiement in Inter-Departmental
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Batten, T. R. and Batten, M. (1965), The Human Factor in Community Work. Oxford:
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Bennell, P. and Furlong, D. (1997), Has Jomtien Made any Difference? : Trends in
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Bentall, C., Peart, E., Carr-Hill, R. and Cox, A. (2000), Funding Agency
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Berry, C. (1997), 'Improving Reading Attainment in a Small Island State.'
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Berry, C. (2001), 'Achievement Effects of Multigrade and Monograde Primary
Schools in the Turks and Caicos Islands'. International Journal of Educational
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Berry, C. (2001), 'Multigrade Research Bibliography'. International Journal of
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Berry, C. (2002), 'Creating Conditions Conducive to Multigrade Teaching:
Implications for the Continuing Professional Development of Teachers in the
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Berry, C. (2002), 'Review Article: "Ability Grouping in Education", by J. Ireson
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Berstecher, D. G. and Carr-Hill, R. (1990), Primary Education and Economic
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Blaug, M. Layard, P. R. G. and Woodhall, M. (1969), The Causes of Graduate
Unemployment in India. London: Allen Lane, the Penguin Press.
Bonati, G. and Hawes, H. W. R. (eds) (1992), Child-to-Child: a Resource Book.
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Bowers, J. B. (1969), 'Production of Media for Informal Adult Education: The
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Bray, M. (1981), 'Policies and Progress towards Universal Primary Education'.
Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(3), 546-64.
Bray, M. (1983), 'The Politics of Free Education in Papua New Guinea'.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2(3), 281-88.
Bray, M. (1983), 'Universal Primary Education in Pakistan: A Perpetually Elusive
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Bray, M. (1984), Educational Planning in a Decentralised System : the Papua New
Guinean Experience. Port Moresby:Sydney: University of Papua New Guinea
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Bray, M. (1984), 'What Crisis in Educational Planning : a Perspective from Papua
New Guinea'. International Review of Education, 30(4), 427-40.
Bray, M. (1984), Dropping out from Community Schools : the Extent, the Causes
and Possible Remedies. Waigani: University of Papua New Guinea. Educational
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Bray, M. (1985), 'Education and Decentralisation in Less Developed Countries : a
Comment on General Rrends, Issues , and Problems, with particular reference to
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Bray, M. (1985), Education and Development in Papua New Guinea: Issues for
Planners. London: EDC.
Bray, M. (1986), New Resources for Education: Community Management and Financing
of Schools in Less Developed Countries. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bray, M. (1986), Community Management and Financing of Schools in Papua New
Guinea.
Bray, M. (1986), 'If UPE is the Answer, What is the Question?: A Comment on
Weaknesses in the Rationale for Universal Primary Education in Less Developed
Countries.' International Journal of Educational Development, 6(3), 147-158.
Bray, M. (1986), 'Student Loans for Higher Education: the Hong Kong Experience
in International Perspective.' Higher Education Policy, 15(3-4), 343-354.
Bray, M. (1986), 'Parental Involvement and Government at the School Level:
Theory and Practice in Papua New Guinea'. Perspectives in Education, 2(2),
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Bray, M. (1987), Are Small Schools the Answer? : Cost-effective Strategies for
Rural School Provision. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bray, M. (1987), School Clusters in the Third World : making them work. Paris:
Unesco-Unicef Co-operative Programme.
Bray, M. (1987), 'Is Free Education in the Third World Either Desirable or
Possible?' Journal of Education Policy, 2(2), 119-129.
Bray, M. (1989), Multiple-Shift Schooling : Design and Operation for
Cost-effectiveness. Paris: Unesco-Unicef Co-operative Programme.
Bray, M. (1989), 'Financing Education in Developing Asia: Themes, Tensions, and
Policies'. International Journal of Educational Research, 29(7), 627-642.
Bray, M. (ed.) (1990), Educational Administration in Hong Kong: Personnel and
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Bray, M. (1990), 'Provision of Higher Education in Small States: Demands,
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Bray, M. (1990), 'The Quality of Education in Multiple-shift Schools: How Far
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Bray, M. (1991), Making Small Practical: The Organisation and Management of
Ministries of Education in Small States. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bray, M. (ed.) (1991), Ministries of Education in Small States: Case Studies of
Organisation and Management. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
Bray, M. (1991), 'Education in Small States: Growth of Interest and Emergence of
a Theory'. Prospects, 21(4), 503-516.
Bray, M. (1991), 'Strategies for Financing Higher Education: Perspectives from
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Bray, M. (1991), 'Centralisation versus Decentralisation in Educational
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Bray, M. (1992), Educational Planning in Small Countries. Paris: Unesco.
Bray, M. (ed.) (1993), The Economics and Financing of Education : Hong Kong and
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Bray, M. (1994), 'Decolonisation and Education: New Paradigms for the Remnants
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Bray, M. (1994), 'Transition from Socialism and the Financing of Higher
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Bray, M. (1994), 'Centralisation / Decentralisation and Privatisation /
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Journal of Educational Research, 21(8), 817-24.
Bray, M. (1995), The Costs and Financing of Primary Schooling in Bhutan. Bhutan:
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Bray, M. (1996), Counting the Full Cost : Parental and Community Financing of
Education in East Asia. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
Bray, M. (1996), Decentralization of Education: Community Financing. Washington,
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Bray, M. (1996), Privatisation of Secondary Education: Issues and Policy
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Bray, M. (1996), 'Equity Issues in Local Resourcing of Education: Community
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Bray, M. (1997), 'Education and Colonial Transition: the Hong Kong Experience in
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Bray, M. (1997), 'Recognising the Burden on Households: Family and Community
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Bray, M. (1998), 'Regional Examinations Councils and Geopolitical Change:
Commonality, Diversity, and Lessons from Experience'. International Journal of
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Bray, M. (1998), 'National Self-determination and International Dependence: the
Organisation and Control of Secondary School Examinations in the Small States of
the Commonwealth'. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(2),
151-73.
Bray, M. (1998), 'Financing Education in Developing Asia: Themes, Tensions and
Policies'. International Journal of Educational Research, 29, 627-642.
Bray, M. (1999), The Shadow Education System: Private Tutoring and its
Implications for Planners. Paris: UNESCO IIEP Publications.
Bray, M. (1999), The Private Costs of Public Schooling: Household and Community
Financing of Primary Education in Cambodia. Paris: UNESCO International
Institute for Educational Planning in collaboration with UNICEF.
Bray, M. (2000), Double-shift Schooling: Design and Operation for
Cost-effectiveness. (2nd ed.). London, Paris: Commonwealth Secretariat / UNESCO
IIEP.
Bray, M. (2000), 'Globalisation, Education and the Colonial Transition of Two
Remnants of Empire: A Comparative Analysis of Hong Kong and Macau'. In T.
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Bray, M. (2000), 'Financing Higher Education: Patterns, Trends and Options'.
Prospects, 30(3), 331-348.
Bray, M. (2001), Community Partnerships in Education: Dimensions, Variations and
Implications. Paris: Unesco.
Bray, M. (2001), 'Out-of-School Supplementary Tutoring'. Childhood Education:
Infancy through Early Adolescence, 77(6), 360-366.
Bray, M. (2002), The Costs and Financing of Education: Trends and Policy
Implications. Manila/ Hong Kong: Asian Development Bank CERC/ University of Hong
Kong.
Bray, M. (2002). Higher education in Macau : growth and strategic development.
Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong
Bray, M. (ed) (2003). Comparative education : continuing traditions, new
challenges, and new paradigms. Dordrecht ; London : Kluwer Academic Publishers
Bray, M. (2003). Adverse effects of private supplementary tutoring : dimensions,
implications and government responses. Paris : International Institute for
Educational Planning
Bray, M. (2004). Reducing the burden on the poor : household costs of basic
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Bray. M. (2004). Comparative education : traditions, applications and the role
of HKU. Inaugural Professorial Lecture. Hong Kong : University fo Hong Kong,
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Bray, M. and Adam, K. (2001), 'The Dialectic of the International and the
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Educational Development, 21(3), 231-244.
Bray, M. and Borevskaya, N. (2001), 'Financing Education in Transitional
Societies: Lessons from Russia and China.' Comparative Education, 37(3),
345-365.
Bray, M., Butler, R., Hui, P. T., Kwo, O. and Mang, E. (2002), Higher Education
in Macau: Growth and Strategic Development. Hong Kong: Comparative Education
Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong.
Bray, M., Clarke, P. B. and Stephens, D. (1986), Education and Society in
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